The analytical overview of European models for the management of seized assets, prepared by the National Agency of Ukraine for Finding, Tracing and Management of Assets Derived from Corruption and Other Crimes (ARMA), summarizes the best practices of specialized European institutions to support the further reform and digitalization of the Ukrainian system.

The presentation of this overview and the discussion of relevant approaches, chaired by Acting Head of ARMA Yaroslava Maksymenko, took place within the framework of the Council of Europe international events in Strasbourg.

Key Models of Asset Management in Europe

European countries apply different organizational and legal approaches to the management of confiscated and seized assets, which can be grouped into three main models:

• Centralized model (France, Romania): establishment of a single specialized institution. For example, the French agency AGRASC carries out the entire asset management cycle—from seizure of property to its final sale or transfer to the State.
• Decentralized or judicial model (Italy): court-appointed administrators play the key role by directly coordinating the management of specific enterprises or assets.
• Hybrid model (the Netherlands): combines elements of the public and private sectors. Agencies engage external asset managers and financial institutions on an outsourcing basis.

Main Sections of the Analytical Overview

The document structures European approaches around three strategic areas:

• Organization of institutional work: comparison of the mandates of Asset Management Offices (AMOs);
• Mechanisms of international cooperation: joint asset tracing instruments through Europol channels and criminal proceedings;
• Economic efficiency: methods for preserving the value of assets until the final court decision is issued (including the use of early sale of assets that rapidly depreciate).

Practical Significance for Ukraine

The findings are being used to implement the comprehensive reform of ARMA.

Ukraine has already introduced new approaches aligned with European standards:

• the Unified Methodology for Determining the Feasibility of Managing Seized Assets has been approved (effective since June 2026);
• the classification of assets into simple and complex categories has been launched, with corresponding selection procedures conducted through Prozorro;
• the practice of managing digital and virtual assets (cryptocurrency) has been introduced.

More details are available in the full text of the study at the following link: [посилання].